Exercises with answers and grammar rules with examples. Lets focus on the verb look at we look at something or someone. If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb but by a noun or pronoun, the relative pronoun is an object pronoun. Relative clauses defining and nondefining that, which. The stairs whichthat lead to the cellar are rather slippery. Some exercises and teachers tips to practice the defining clauses and the nondefining clauses alike. Here we need the relative pronoun which, because it is a nondefining relative clause and the first word after the pronoun is a verb. Combine the sentences using defining relative pronouns. Relative clauses with prepositional verbs worksheet. Relative clauses are always in the middle of a sentence. They are mostly used to define or identify the noun. The apple which george lay on the table was put back into the basket.
We dont need a relative pronoun, because the first word in the relative clause. It takes lots of practice, so make sure to write down what you learn as you learn online. I broke the plate which that was a wedding present. The sentence in italicsshould become the relative clause. Nondefining relative clauses are placed after nouns which are definite already. Defining and nondefining relative clauses who, whom, whose, which, that. Nondefining relative clauses are not used in spoken english. The punctuation is different for defining and nondefining clauses. Defining relative clauses we use defining relative clauses to specify which person, thing or place we are talking about. Nondefining relative clauses defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. Defining relative clauses 1 in pdf here defining relative clauses 2 in pdf here defining relative clauses 3 in pdf here defining relative clauses 4 in pdf here go to the main relative clauses explanation page here. Relative clauses defining and nondefining that, which types of relative clauses.
When the relative pronoun is an object, it can be omitted e xcept with whose and where. Relative clauses learnenglish teens british council. Thank you for your letter, which i was very happy to get. Reduced relative clauses worksheets lesson worksheets. The boy who won the prize was really happy about it.
I am looking at a woman she is looking at the water. In the grammar chart below, you can see the main differences between them. Defining and nondefining relative clauses nondefining relative clauses. When there is a preposition in a relative clause, this usually goes at the end of the sentence. A clause of this kind is essential to clear understanding of the noun. In defining relative clauses, the pronouns who, whom, and which are often replaced by that in spoken english. Fernandez carmona, english grammar with exercises, longman, 2000. The information is essential in order to understand what or who is being referred to. The relative pronoun is the subject of the relative clause. The relative pronoun can be the subject or the object of the relative clause.
Relative clauses practice adjective clauses exercise adverbial clauses exercise relative pronouns exercise 1 relative pronouns exercise 2 if vs when exercise pdf exercises. If i want to turn these sentences into adjective clauses, i must keep the preposition the woman at whom i am looking is sitting near the ocean the water at which she is looking is blue. The punctuation is different for defining and non defining clauses. Relative clauses give us information about the person or thing mentioned. Defining and nondefinining relative clauses exercises pdf. Relative pronouns relative pronouns are the words that introduce relative clauses. There are two types of relative clauses, defining and nondefining. Choose the correct options to complete the sentences. They can act as the subject or the object of the relative clause. These type of clauses give essential information about a thing or person. Relative clauses in english use the relative pronouns who, that, which, whose, where, when. Exercise 5 complete defining and nondefining relative clauses with that, who or which. Complete the sentences with relative pronouns or relative adverbs.
The following esl efl resources are available for defining relative clauses grammar. We use commas to separate them from the rest of the sentence, unless they come at the end of the sentence, when we use a comma and a full stop. Relative pronouns and clauses in english grammar exercises. Reducing relative clauses is difficult to understand. When the relative pronoun is an object, it can be omitted except with whose and where. Heres a list of all the relative clause exercises on the site.
We can use exactly the same relative pronouns in defining and non defining relative clauses. Advanced english grammar relative clauses may 2, 2019. Object pronouns can be dropped in defining relative clauses, which are then called contact clauses. In nondefining relative clauses, you cannot replace other pronouns with that. If the defining relative clause were removed from the sentence, the sentence would still be gramatically correct, but its meaning would have changed significantly. We use those to give extra information, which isnt absolutely necessary. You also cannot leave out the relative pronoun in nondefining relative clauses, in the way you sometimes can in defining relative clauses. Relative clausesrelative pronouns mixed relative pronouns 1 level. Relative clauses are complex sentences, and in the ielts examination writing complex sentences plays a very important role, and you also have the knowledge of using these complex sentences in the right places. Defining relative clauses exercise 4 make one sentence by changing the sentence in italics into a defining relative clause. Advanced choose the correct response to complete each relative clauses. This is a a worksheet for teaching or revising relative clauses with prepositional verbs at preintermediate level. It isnt essential for understanding who or what we are. To understand the differences between that and which it is necessary to understand what defining restrictive and nondefining nonrestrictive clauses are.
Relative clauses pdf quiz relative clauses worksheet relative clauses pdf exercises defining and. The defining relative clause gives us that information. Diagonal 26, 1r 1a 0006 arcelona edifici indsor, entre ia augusta i rambla catalunya seu 1 via ugusta 6 s. Relative clauses in english exercises advanced level esl. Displaying all worksheets related to reduced relative clauses. Make one sentence by changing the sentence in italics into a defining relative clause. To understand the distinctions between that and which it is necessary to understand defining restrictive and nondefining nonrestrictive clauses learning these distinctions is one technical aspect of grammar that every user of english should understand, because it is at the root of an assortment of grammatical errors. Nondefining relative pronouns exercise three things about nondefining relative clauses. Exercise 4 relative pronouns exercise 5 relative adverbs defining nondefining exercise 1relative clauses defining or nondefining. That something or someone is the object of the preposition at. Update your browser to be able to use these exercises online. This is the picture whichthat caused such a sensation. Esl english relative clauses quiz 5 mixed relative. The relative clause is closed off by commas and is quite similar to information in brackets.
Object of a verb which or that or no relative at all. A defining relative clause usually comes immediately. As the name suggests, defining relative clauses give essential information to define or identify the person or thing we are talking about. Relative clauses defining and nondefining test english. The pronoun cannot be left out because it is the subject of the relative clause. Students are asked to join fourteen different sentences by changing the second of each pair into a relative clause. School of english defining and nondefining relative clauses exercise school of english oficines centrals. That cannot be used and even though there is a pronoun in the relative clause which cannot be left out because in nondefining relative clauses the pronoun can never be left out. Relative clauses that give additional information are called defining. Review the rules on relative clauses and youll be able to do this as well. Comma usage in defining restrictive and nondefining nonrestrictive adjective clauses.
Defining relative clauses exercise 3 make one sentence by changing the sentence in italics into a defining relative clause. Defining clauses restrictive clauses a defining relative clause tells which noun we are talking about. Worksheets are relative clauses work, 1 of 4 participle phrases as reduced relative clauses, relative clauses work 1, relative clauses, relative clauses part i defining non defining, more practice reducing adverb clauses answer key, extra practice reductions, grammar relative clauses work answer key when. Should we use a defining relative clause or a nondefining relative clause. Defining relative clauses are composed of a relative pronoun sometimes omitted, a verb, and optional other elements such as. The drag and drop activity below might not work properly in old browsers. In this sentence we understand that there are many dogs in the world, but we are only talking about the ones that like cats. Nondefining relative clauses give us extra information about someone or something. Exercise school of english defining and nondefining. We can use exactly the same relative pronouns in defining and nondefining relative clauses. Relative clauses nondefining relative clauses grammar.
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